Manufacture of luminant for electric lamps.



" UNITED ST TE PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN ALLEN HEANY, OF YORK, PENNSYLVANIA. MANUFACTURE OF LUMINANT FOB ELECTRIC LAMPS.

Specification of Letters Patent; Original application filed December 29, 1804, Serial No. 238,768- Dlvitled uulthil Patented Dec. 25, 1906. e. ma November 27,1900. Serial No.

' I To all whom it may concern:

' citizen of the United Be it'known that I JOHN ALLEN HEAN'Y, a tates, residin at York, in the county of- York and-State Penns lvania, have invented certain new anduse 1 Improvements in the Manufacture of Luminants for Electric Lamps, of which the followin is a specification,

' invention relates to .the manufacture of luminants for electric lamqls made of very pure refractory metals, suc as tungsten, titanium, zirconium, &c., or alloys of two or -more of such metals, or of pure chromium,

' molybdenum, thorium, manganese, or alloys of such metals.

My luminants have properties heretofore unattainable, such as being ductile-and cazpable of standing a much higher temperature I than any'form of carbon or the carbids of rial such, metals and are more efiicient than any hitherto-known metallic filaments. They can withstand'a' much higher temperature andalso convert the heat into light-waves, and thereby have the properties of selective radiation. 1 utilize these metals or osmium,

. cerium, niobium, tantaliu'm, and vanadium ,or;boron and silicon either singly or mixed in a? owdered form, as some of these powdered metals can be obtained by lniown processes more or less pure, or I can employ the pure oxids, h drids, nitrids, or metals fine pow er or in a colloidal state of the 01d orcolloidal suspension of the pure metal and with "the dry powder usea lubricant or birider, 'such as water or paraflin, to

.form or shape them. They are' then baked in an oven to drive out the parafi'in or water, and in case the oxid is used the filament is reduced in pure hydrogen by external heat to the metal. The rehminarv baking does not oxidize the metal: but merel stre thens it, and .during this 0 eration tli e bin er is dissipated, leaving t e filament formed of-a refractory substance, strong, durable, and of good conductivity. The body is now heated y an electric current in a vacuum to drive out the hydrogen and to sinter or alloy the particles.- If the filament is -too large or rough, it may be rolled or drawn to the desire shape.

This application is a division of my previous-afiiphcation, filed December 29, 1904, Se-

o. 238,769, and is directed particularly to the production of an alloy of tungsten and titanium or an alloy of tungsten with some other metal;

It is.well. known in the art that when two- 'metals in a finely-divided condition are mixed with each other and heatedunder certain conditions they' form alloys, and it is also believed by some that alloys generof the component metals; but I have discovered that certain alloys of these above-mentioned metals in various proportions are very stable at high temperatures and appear to have the properties of selective radiation in a vacuum. The resistivit flexibility, strength, and shiny surface 0 these allo s can be regulated by the proportions of t e constituents and by certain mani ulation.

As. an illustration of 'a suitable process finely-powdered pure titanium nitrid, which may be made bypassing pure ammonia-gas over heated pure titanium dioxid, is mixed with an equal volume of ure tungsten trioxid, which is also fine y. owdered and snauirtedflthrough a suitable die, there being a ded a small amount of paraflin or water to act asa lubricant, and the filament is then baked to drive out thelubricant. The filament is. now heated by external heat, such ally melt at a lower temperature than either as a gas-flame, in a porcelain tube, through which an abundant supply of pure hydrogen is flowing for several hours, and the tungsten 'trioxid is b metal, whic remains mixed with the titanium nitrid. The filament, after cooling, is removed from theitube through which the hydrogen is pass' and mounted on the stem of the lamp. he bulb of the lamp is now exhausted and the filament is glowed at a bright temperature, care being taken that no va orized oil arises from the pump into the bib in order to prevent the formation of a carbid. B the action of the elec-' trical current, whic produces'a very high temperature, the titanium nitrid is dissodated and the nitrogen ispumped off while the titanium alloys with the tungsten. The filain'ent shrinks both in cross-section and in len th, and there results a dense shiny durab e alloy filament of pure titanium and tungsten.

Another method consists of mixing titanium dioxid with tungsten trioxid and forrni the mass into filaments by squirti through a die, there being added va smal this treatment reduced to the v Order 'of Cancelation of Letters Batent N0.

' two, and then the filament is treated in a with a comparatively l ject of my invention, what I claim as new,

amou'nt'of water or araflin, then out the water or p by gently heating, and then reduc' the filament, which now is composed exc usivel' of the two oxids mentioned in the tube y hydrogen, whereby the tungsten trioxid is reduced to -metal and the titanium is either converted into the metal or the suboxid, or a mixture of the vacuum by an electric current, as above specified for the.nitrid and metal filament. Various other proportions of the ingredients ma be employed, and I have found that exec ent'ifresults -may be obtained by USlllg finely-divided tungsten up to ashigh as ninetyfi e per cent. mixed with five per cent. of titanium powder or powdered titanium nitrid, or mixed with other refractory metal or metalliesubsta'nce." The.conduc tivity,stre .h, and'efliciency wary withthe allo s of di er- .ent metals, and good results may obtained 4 percent e of tungsten alloyed with any of the a ova-- named metals.

Having thus described the nature and .ob-

and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

in place of the tungsten trioxid pure 1. A filament for incandescent lamps con- 4 I to John Allen Hean-y, was canceled.

Pennsylvania, a copy of which decree 'is recorded in Lilier G 90, page 94 of-the Assignment Records of the United States Patent Oflicc, patent No. 839,585, granted OWGW, September 24:, 1 12.

exclusively of a metallic alloiilpi e tungsten and titanium in a dense s coherent state and'homogeneous throughout.

2. A filament for electric incandescent lamps comprisingan alloy of tungsten and 3" a filament composed exclusively .of a com-t pound of tungsten and a compound of tita-|i1 nium and'reducing both compounds to their 5 respective pure metals, removing the non- 'meta'llic component elements and alloying 5dsaid pure metals, and shrinking said filament into a .dense homogeneous shiny metallic alloy filament. 'JOHN. ALE N H13ANY. f;

Wit: I v

HENRY El Evnnnme, R01 0. Mmem.

DEPARTMENT or 5mm INTERIOR,

[Jurrnn STATES PA'FENT. Omen,

V 1W5snnioron, D. 0., Septemter 18, 1.912. v By a'decree of the United States District Court forthe Eastern District of Commissioner.

Order 'of Cancelation of Letters Batent N0.

' two, and then the filament is treated in a with a comparatively l ject of my invention, what I claim as new,

amou'nt'of water or araflin, then out the water or p by gently heating, and then reduc' the filament, which now is composed exc usivel' of the two oxids mentioned in the tube y hydrogen, whereby the tungsten trioxid is reduced to -metal and the titanium is either converted into the metal or the suboxid, or a mixture of the vacuum by an electric current, as above specified for the.nitrid and metal filament. Various other proportions of the ingredients ma be employed, and I have found that exec ent'ifresults -may be obtained by USlllg finely-divided tungsten up to ashigh as ninetyfi e per cent. mixed with five per cent. of titanium powder or powdered titanium nitrid, or mixed with other refractory metal or metalliesubsta'nce." The.conduc tivity,stre .h, and'efliciency wary withthe allo s of di er- .ent metals, and good results may obtained 4 percent e of tungsten alloyed with any of the a ova-- named metals.

Having thus described the nature and .ob-

and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

in place of the tungsten trioxid pure 1. A filament for incandescent lamps con- 4 I to John Allen Hean-y, was canceled.

Pennsylvania, a copy of which decree 'is recorded in Lilier G 90, page 94 of-the Assignment Records of the United States Patent Oflicc, patent No. 839,585, granted OWGW, September 24:, 1 12.

exclusively of a metallic alloiilpi e tungsten and titanium in a dense s coherent state and'homogeneous throughout.

2. A filament for electric incandescent lamps comprisingan alloy of tungsten and 3" a filament composed exclusively .of a com-t pound of tungsten and a compound of tita-|i1 nium and'reducing both compounds to their 5 respective pure metals, removing the non- 'meta'llic component elements and alloying 5dsaid pure metals, and shrinking said filament into a .dense homogeneous shiny metallic alloy filament. 'JOHN. ALLEN HEANY. f;

Witnesses: I v

HENRY El Evnnnme, R01 0. Mmem.

DEPARTMENT or 5mm INTERIOR,

[Jurrnn STATES PA'FENT. Omen,

V 1W5snnioron, D. 0., Septemter 18, 1.912. v By a'decree of the United States District Court forthe Eastern District of Commissioner.

Dnmn'mnm or THE INTERIOR,

Ummn Sm'ms PA'FENT 021mm, WAsmN'qToN, D. (L, September 18, 1.912.

et t ers Patent No.

:2 Pennsylvania, a. copy of WhlCh decree is reworded 1n Llber G 90 page 94 of the OLD 5 Assignment Records of the Umbcd States Patent Oflice patent No 839,585 granted 1 0': co

to John Alien Heany, was canceled.

EDWARD B. MOORE,

C'ommzlm'oaer. (Qficial'Gazette, September 24; 1 12.

Order 'of Cancelation 

